01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously or line with paper liners.
02 - Combine the diced rhubarb, ½ cup granulated sugar, and 2 tablespoons melted butter in a medium bowl. Toss until the rhubarb is evenly coated. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of the mixture into the bottom of each muffin cup, pressing gently to form an even layer.
03 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, remaining ½ cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the melted and cooled butter, egg, buttermilk, and vanilla extract until smooth and homogeneous.
05 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and fold gently with a spatula just until combined. A few lumps are fine — do not overmix or the muffins will become tough.
06 - Evenly divide the batter among the 12 muffin cups, spooning it directly over the rhubarb layer. Fill each cup about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are golden.
08 - Let the muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes. Run a knife around the edges of each muffin, then place a wire rack over the pan and invert so the rhubarb side faces up. Serve slightly warm or at room temperature.